Phylogenetic classification

Identified as hepatitis C?	Yes
Genotype	1
Subtype	1a
Closest reference sequence	M62321

Antiviral resistance summary

Please note that the HCV-GLUE drug resistance interpretation system has not yet been formally validated for clinical use.

HCV-GLUE detects the presence of resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) and variants in viral genome sequences and summarises the evidence that these confer resistance to direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs). It is essential to note that the prediction of reduced susceptibility to an individual DAA by HCV-GLUE is unlikely to be of clinical relevance in treatment-naïve, non-cirrhotic patients, with the exception of elbasvir. In the presence of cirrhosis or with a history of prior exposure to DAA, the antiviral susceptibility results may be of value in choosing an optimal treatment regimen. As such decisions are complex, we recommend that treatment selection should be taken by a multi-professional expert team only after review of relevant viral, patient and DAA-related factors.

Please subscribe to the HCV-GLUE ResearchGate project to be notified of updates.

Drug category	Drug	Resistance-associated polymorphisms1			Resistance detection level2
		Category I	Category II	Category III
NS3/4A protease inhibitors	glecaprevir	-	-	-	No resistance detected
	grazoprevir	-	K/Q80K, K/Q80K+I132I, K/Q80K+A156A, K/Q80K+D168D	-	Probable resistance detected
	paritaprevir	-	K/Q80K	-	Probable resistance detected
	voxilaprevir	-	K/Q80K	-	Probable resistance detected
NS5A inhibitors	daclatasvir	Q30H, Y93H	Q30H+Y93H	-	Resistance detected
	elbasvir	Q30H, Q30H+Y93H, Y93H	-	-	Resistance detected
	ledipasvir	Q30H, Q30H+Y93H, Y93H	-	-	Resistance detected
	ombitasvir	Q30H	Y93H	-	Resistance detected
	pibrentasvir	Y93H	Q30H+Y93H	-	Resistance detected
	velpatasvir	Q30H+Y93H, Y93H	-	-	Resistance detected
NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitors	dasabuvir	-	-	-	No resistance detected
	sofosbuvir	-	-	-	No resistance detected

Resistance-associated polymorphism details

Virus protein	Polymorphism	Genotype / Subtype	Resisted drug	Resistance category1	EC50 log fold change in vitro	Clinical trials / study cohort	Associated drug regimens	Found at baseline?	Treatment-emergent?	Reference
NS3	K/Q80K	Subtype 1a	grazoprevir	II	-	Pooled study of multiple trials: C-EDGE CO-INFECTION; C-EDGE TE; C-EDGE TN; C-SALVAGE; C-SURFER; C-WORTHy	EBR/GZR	Yes	No	Komatsu et al., 2017 [1]
					-	C-EDGE TE	EBR/GZR; EBR/GZR/RBV	Yes	No	Kwo et al., 2017 [2]
					0.80	-	-	-	-	Guo et al., 2017 [3]
					1.70	-	-	-	-	Howe et al., 2014 [4]
					-	C-WORTHy	EBR/GZR; EBR/GZR/RBV	Yes	No	Lawitz et al., 2015 [5]
					1.10	-	-	-	-	Lahser et al., 2016 [6]
					-	C-EDGE CO-INFECTION	EBR/GZR	Yes	No	Rockstroh et al., 2015 [7]
					-	Pooled study of multiple trials: NCT01710501; NCT01716156	IFN/RBV/GZR	Yes	No	Bonsall et al., 2018 [8]
			paritaprevir	II	-	Pooled study of multiple trials: PEARL-IV; SAPPHIRE-II; TURQUOISE-II	PTV/r/OBV/DSV; PTV/r/OBV/DSV/RBV	Yes	No	Sarrazin et al., 2016 [9]
					3	-	-	-	-	Pilot-Matias et al., 2015 [10]
					2	-	-	-	-	Pham et al., 2019 [11]
			voxilaprevir	II	-	Pooled study of multiple trials: POLARIS-1; POLARIS-4	SOF/VEL/VOX	Yes	No	Sarrazin et al., 2017 [12]
					-	Pooled study of multiple trials: POLARIS-2; POLARIS-3	SOF/VEL/VOX	Yes	No	Wyles, et al., 2017 [13]
NS3	K/Q80K+I132I	Subtype 1a	grazoprevir	II	-	C-WORTHy	EBR/GZR; EBR/GZR/RBV	Yes	No	Lawitz et al., 2015 [5]
NS3	K/Q80K+A156A	Subtype 1a	grazoprevir	II	-	C-WORTHy	EBR/GZR; EBR/GZR/RBV	No	Yes	Lawitz et al., 2015 [5]
NS3	K/Q80K+D168D	Subtype 1a	grazoprevir	II	-	Pooled study of multiple trials: NCT01710501; NCT01716156	IFN/RBV/GZR	No	Yes	Bonsall et al., 2018 [8]
NS5A	Q30H	Subtype 1a	daclatasvir	I	-	NCT01492504	DCV/ASV; DCV/ASV/BCV; DCV/ASV/PR; DCV/PR; SOF/DCV	No	Yes	Reddy et al., 2018 [14]
					1450	-	-	-	-	Gao et al., 2010 [15]
					> 80	-	-	-	-	Gottwein et al., 2018 [16]
					-	Retrospective epidemiological study (Europe)	SOF/DCV	No	Yes	Dietz et al., 2018 [17]
					1477	-	-	-	-	Fridell et al., 2011 [18]
					-	Phase I monotherapy	DCV mono	No	Yes	Fridell et al., 2011 [18]
			elbasvir	I	4 - 79	-	-	-	-	Gottwein et al., 2018 [16]
					6	-	-	-	-	Liu et al., 2015 [19]
					7.50	-	-	-	-	Coburn et al., 2013 [20]
					6	-	-	-	-	Lahser et al., 2016 [6]
					-	Pooled study of multiple trials: C-EDGE CO-INFECTION; C-EDGE TE; C-EDGE TN; C-SALVAGE; C-SURFER; C-WORTHy	EBR/GZR; EBR/GZR/RBV	Yes	No	Komatsu et al., 2017 [1]
					6 - 8	-	-	-	-	Komatsu et al., 2017 [1]
					-	Pooled study of multiple trials: C-EDGE CO-INFECTION; C-EDGE TE; C-EDGE TN; C-SALVAGE; C-SURFER; C-WORTHy	EBR/GZR; EBR/GZR/RBV	Yes	No	Jacobson et al., 2017 [21]
			ledipasvir	I	-	Retrospective epidemiological study (Europe)	SOF/LDV	No	Yes	Dietz et al., 2018 [17]
					131.90 - 234.50	-	-	-	-	Wyles et al., 2017 [22]
					-	Pooled study of multiple trials: ELECTRON; ION-1; ION-2; ION-3; LONESTAR	SOF/LDV; SOF/LDV/RBV	Yes	Yes	Wyles et al., 2017 [22]
			ombitasvir	I	-	Retrospective real world study	PTV/r/OBV/DSV	No	Yes	Dietz et al., 2018 [17]
					> 100	-	-	-	-	Dietz et al., 2018 [17]
					3	-	-	-	-	Krishnan et al., 2015 [23]
			velpatasvir	-	2.30	-	-	-	-	Lawitz et al., 2016 [24]
NS5A	Q30H+Y93H	Subtype 1a	daclatasvir	II	92217	-	-	-	-	Fridell et al., 2010 [25]
					93136	-	-	-	-	Fridell et al., 2011 [18]
			elbasvir	I	-	C-WORTHy	EBR/GZR; EBR/GZR/RBV	Yes	No	Sulkowski et al., 2015 [26]
					-	C-EDGE TE	EBR/GZR; EBR/GZR/RBV	No	Yes	Kwo et al., 2017 [2]
			ledipasvir	I	-	RESCUE	SOF/LDV; SOF/LDV/RBV	No	Yes	Tam et al., 2018 [27]
					-	Pooled study of multiple trials: ELECTRON; ION-1; ION-2; ION-3; LONESTAR	SOF/LDV	Yes	Yes	Wyles et al., 2017 [22]
					23150 - 46771.80	-	-	-	-	Wyles et al., 2017 [22]
			pibrentasvir	II	-	Magellan-1, Part 2	GLE/PIB	Yes	No	Poordad et al., 2018 [28]
			velpatasvir	I	2835	-	-	-	-	Lawitz et al., 2016 [24]
					-	ASTRAL-4	SOF/VEL	Yes	No	Curry et al., 2015 [29]
NS5A	Y93H	Subtype 1a	daclatasvir	I	-	NCT01492504	DCV/ASV; DCV/ASV/BCV; DCV/ASV/PR; DCV/PR; SOF/DCV	No	Yes	Reddy et al., 2018 [14]
					> 1000	-	-	-	-	Gottwein et al., 2018 [16]
					5367	-	-	-	-	Fridell et al., 2010 [25]
					5432	-	-	-	-	Fridell et al., 2011 [18]
					-	Phase I monotherapy	DCV mono	No	Yes	Fridell et al., 2011 [18]
			elbasvir	I	-	C-SURFER	EBR/GZR	Yes	No	Bruchfeld et al., 2017 [30]
					> 1000	-	-	-	-	Gottwein et al., 2018 [16]
					600	-	-	-	-	Coburn et al., 2013 [20]
					220	-	-	-	-	Liu et al., 2015 [19]
					220	-	-	-	-	Lahser et al., 2016 [6]
			ledipasvir	I	-	Retrospective epidemiological study (Europe)	SOF/LDV	No	Yes	Dietz et al., 2018 [17]
					-	Pooled study of multiple trials: ELECTRON; ION-1; ION-2; ION-3; LONESTAR	SOF/LDV; SOF/LDV/RBV	Yes	Yes	Wyles et al., 2017 [22]
					1073.60 - 2279.80	-	-	-	-	Wyles et al., 2017 [22]
			ombitasvir	II	41383	-	-	-	-	Krishnan et al., 2015 [23]
			pibrentasvir	I	6.70	-	-	-	-	Ng et al., 2017 [31]
					-	Magellan-1, Part 2	GLE/PIB	No	Yes	Poordad et al., 2018 [28]
			velpatasvir	I	609.10	-	-	-	-	Cheng et al., 2013 [32]
					80 - 999	-	-	-	-	Gottwein et al., 2018 [16]
					609.10	-	-	-	-	Lawitz et al., 2016 [24]
					609	Pooled study of multiple trials: ASTRAL-1; ASTRAL-2; ASTRAL-3; ASTRAL-5; POLARIS-2; POLARIS-3	SOF/VEL	No	Yes	Hezode et al., 2018 [33]
					-	POLARIS-4	SOF/VEL	No	Yes	Bourlière et al., 2017 [34]

Other polymorphisms of interest

Virus protein	Polymorphism	Notes
NS5A	K24K+M28M	Associated with resistance in other subtypes of genotype 1
NS5A	M28M	Associated with resistance in other subtypes of genotype 1
NS5A	M28M+Y93H	Associated with resistance in other subtypes of genotype 1
NS5A	H54H+Y93H	Associated with resistance in other subtypes of genotype 1
NS5B	I585V	Associated with resistance in other subtypes of genotype 1
NS3	K/Q80K+I170I	Associated with resistance in genotypes other than genotype 1
NS3	I132I+I170I	Associated with resistance in genotypes other than genotype 1
NS3	I170I	Associated with resistance in genotypes other than genotype 1
NS5A	M28M+Q30H	Associated with resistance in genotypes other than genotype 1
NS5A	A92A+Y93H	Associated with resistance in genotypes other than genotype 1

Genome coding region coverage

Precursor polyprotein	100%
Core	100%
E1	100%
E2	100%
p7	100%
NS2	100%
NS3	100%
NS4A	100%
NS4B	100%
NS5A	100%
NS5B	100%

System configuration

GLUE engine version	1.1.50
HCV project version	0.1.60
PHE drug resistance extension version	0.1.31

[1] Regulatory Analysis of Effects of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Polymorphisms on Efficacy of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir. T. E. Komatsu, S. Boyd, A. Sherwat, L. Tracy, L. K. Naeger, J. J. O'Rear and P. R. Harrington, Gastroenterology 152(3), 586-597 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.017

[2] Effectiveness of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir Combination, With or Without Ribavirin, for Treatment-Experienced Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. P. Kwo, E. J. Gane, C. Y. Peng, B. Pearlman, J. M. Vierling, L. Serfaty, M. Buti, S. Shafran, P. Stryszak, L. Lin, J. Gress, S. Black, F. J. Dutko, M. Robertson, J. Wahl, L. Lupinacci, E. Barr and B. Haber, Gastroenterology 152(1), 164-175.e4 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.045

[3] Unraveling the structural basis of grazoprevir potency against clinically relevant substitutions in hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease from genotype 1a. Z. Guo, S. Black, Y. Hu, P. McMonagle, P. Ingravallo, R. Chase, S. Curry and E. Asante-Appiah, J. Biol. Chem. 292(15), 6202-6212 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.772996

[4] Virologic resistance analysis from a phase 2 study of MK-5172 combined with pegylated interferon/ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. A. Y. Howe, S. Black, S. Curry, S. W. Ludmerer, R. Liu, R. J. Barnard, W. Newhard, P. M. Hwang, D. Nickle, C. Gilbert, L. Caro, M. J. DiNubile and N. Mobashery, Clin. Infect. Dis. 59(12), 1657-65 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu696

[5] Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks versus 18 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in previously untreated patients with cirrhosis and patients with previous null response with or without cirrhosis (C-WORTHY): a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. E. Lawitz, E. Gane, B. Pearlman, E. Tam, W. Ghesquiere, D. Guyader, L. Alric, J. P. Bronowicki, L. Lester, W. Sievert, R. Ghalib, L. Balart, F. Sund, M. Lagging, F. Dutko, M. Shaughnessy, P. Hwang, A. Y. Howe, J. Wahl, M. Robertson, E. Barr and B. Haber, Lancet 385(9973), 1075-86 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61795-5

[6] The Combination of Grazoprevir, a Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor, and Elbasvir, an HCV NS5A Inhibitor, Demonstrates a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance in HCV Genotype 1a Replicons. F. C. Lahser, K. Bystol, S. Curry, P. McMonagle, E. Xia, P. Ingravallo, R. Chase, R. Liu, T. Black, D. Hazuda, A. Y. Howe and E. Asante-Appiah, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 60(5), 2954-64 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00051-16

[7] Efficacy and safety of grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) in patients with hepatitis C virus and HIV co-infection (C-EDGE CO-INFECTION): a non-randomised, open-label trial. J. K. Rockstroh, M. Nelson, C. Katlama, J. Lalezari, J. Mallolas, M. Bloch, G. V. Matthews, M. S. Saag, P. J. Zamor, C. Orkin, J. Gress, S. Klopfer, M. Shaughnessy, J. Wahl, B. Y. Nguyen, E. Barr, H. L. Platt, M. N. Robertson and M. Sulkowski, Lancet HIV 2(8), e319-27 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00114-9

[8] Characterization of hepatitis C virus resistance to grazoprevir reveals complex patterns of mutations following on-treatment breakthrough that are not observed at relapse. D. Bonsall, S. Black, A. Y. Howe, R. Chase, P. Ingravallo, I. Pak, A. Brown, D. A. Smith, R. Bowden and E. Barnes, Infect Drug Resist 1119-1135 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S156581

[9] Effect of baseline resistance-associated variants on SVR with the 3D regimen with and without RBV in Gt1a and Gt1b-infected patients C. Sarrazin, M.S. Sulkowski, P. Krishnan, R. Tripathi, G. Schnell, Y. Xie, D.E. Cohen, R. Trinh, L. Rodrigues-Jr., Y. Luo, N. S. Shulman, T. Pilot-Matias and C. Collins, J. Hepatol. 64(Supplement 2), S214 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(16)00180-X

[10] In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity and resistance profile of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitor ABT-450. T. Pilot-Matias, R. Tripathi, D. Cohen, I. Gaultier, T. Dekhtyar, L. Lu, T. Reisch, M. Irvin, T. Hopkins, R. Pithawalla, T. Middleton, T. Ng, K. McDaniel, Y. S. Or, R. Menon, D. Kempf, A. Molla and C. Collins, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 59(2), 988-97 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.04227-14

[11] HCV genotype 1-6 NS3 residue 80 substitutions impact protease inhibitor activity and promote viral escape. L. V. Pham, S. B. Jensen, U. Fahnøe, M. S. Pedersen, Q. Tang, L. Ghanem, S. Ramirez, D. Humes, S. B. N. Serre, K. Schønning, J. Bukh and J. M. Gottwein, J. Hepatol. 70(3), 388-397 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.031

[12] No impact of RASs on the high efficacy of SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks in DAA-experienced patients: an integrated resistance analysis of the POLARIS-1 and POLARIS-4 studies C. Sarrazin, C.L. Cooper, M.P. Manns, R.K. Reddy, K. Kowdley, H. Dvory-Sobol, E. Svarovskia, R. Martin, B.P. Doehle, G. Camus, L.M. Stamm, R.H. Hyland, D.M. Brainard, H. Mo, S.C. Gordon, M. Bourlière S. Zeuzem and S.L. Flamm, J. Hepatol. 66(1), S299 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30915-7

[13] No impact of RASs on the high efficacy of SOF/VEL/VOX for 8 weeks in DAA-naïve patients: an integrated resistance analysis of the POLARIS-2 and POLARIS-3 studies D. Wyles, A. Thompson, E. Lawitz, B. Willems, E.J. Gane, E. Svarovskaia, H. Dvory-Sobol, R. Martin, G. Camus, B.P. Doehle, L.M. Stamm, R.H. Hyland, D.M. Brainard, H.M. Mo, T. Asselah, I. Jacobson, G.R. Foster and S. Roberts, J. Hepatol. 66(1), S303 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(17)30924-8

[14] Long-term follow-up of clinical trial patients treated for chronic HCV infection with daclatasvir-based regimens. K. R. Reddy, S. Pol, P. J. Thuluvath, H. Kumada, J. Toyota, K. Chayama, J. Levin, E. J. Lawitz, A. Gadano, W. Ghesquiere, G. Gerken, M. R. Brunetto, C. Y. Peng, M. Silva, S. I. Strasser, J. Heo, F. McPhee, Z. Liu, R. Yang, M. Linaberry and S. Noviello, Liver Int. 38(5), 821-833 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13596

[15] Chemical genetics strategy identifies an HCV NS5A inhibitor with a potent clinical effect. M. Gao, R. E. Nettles, M. Belema, L. B. Snyder, V. N. Nguyen, R. A. Fridell, M. H. Serrano-Wu, D. R. Langley, J. H. Sun, D. R. O'Boyle, J. A. Lemm, C. Wang, J. O. Knipe, C. Chien, R. J. Colonno, D. M. Grasela, N. A. Meanwell and L. G. Hamann, Nature 465(7294), 96-100 (2010)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08960

[16] Efficacy of NS5A Inhibitors Against Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 1-7 and Escape Variants. J. M. Gottwein, L. V. Pham, L. S. Mikkelsen, L. Ghanem, S. Ramirez, T. K. H. Scheel, T. H. R. Carlsen and J. Bukh, Gastroenterology 154(5), 1435-1448 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.015

[17] Patterns of Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Patients With Chronic HCV Infection Following Treatment With Direct-Acting Antivirals. J. Dietz, S. Susser, J. Vermehren, K. H. Peiffer, G. Grammatikos, A. Berger, P. Ferenci, M. Buti, B. Müllhaupt, B. Hunyady, H. Hinrichsen, S. Mauss, J. Petersen, P. Buggisch, G. Felten, D. Hüppe, G. Knecht, T. Lutz, E. Schott, C. Berg, U. Spengler, T. von Hahn, T. Berg, S. Zeuzem, C. Sarrazin and European HCV Resistance Study Group, Gastroenterology 154(4), 976-988.e4 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.007

[18] Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of variants resistant to hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor BMS-790052 in humans: in vitro and in vivo correlations. R. A. Fridell, C. Wang, J. H. Sun, D. R. O'Boyle, P. Nower, L. Valera, D. Qiu, S. Roberts, X. Huang, B. Kienzle, M. Bifano, R. E. Nettles and M. Gao, Hepatology 54(6), 1924-35 (2011)
https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24594

[19] Susceptibilities of genotype 1a, 1b, and 3 hepatitis C virus variants to the NS5A inhibitor elbasvir. R. Liu, S. Curry, P. McMonagle, W. W. Yeh, S. W. Ludmerer, P. A. Jumes, W. L. Marshall, S. Kong, P. Ingravallo, S. Black, I. Pak, M. J. DiNubile and A. Y. Howe, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 59(11), 6922-9 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01390-15

[20] Discovery of MK-8742: an HCV NS5A inhibitor with broad genotype activity. C. A. Coburn, P. T. Meinke, W. Chang, C. M. Fandozzi, D. J. Graham, B. Hu, Q. Huang, S. Kargman, J. Kozlowski, R. Liu, J. A. McCauley, A. A. Nomeir, R. M. Soll, J. P. Vacca, D. Wang, H. Wu, B. Zhong, D. B. Olsen and S. W. Ludmerer, ChemMedChem 8(12), 1930-40 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201300343

[21] Safety and Efficacy of Elbasvir/Grazoprevir in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Compensated Cirrhosis: An Integrated Analysis. I. M. Jacobson, E. Lawitz, P. Y. Kwo, C. Hézode, C. Y. Peng, A. Y. M. Howe, P. Hwang, J. Wahl, M. Robertson, E. Barr and B. A. Haber, Gastroenterology 152(6), 1372-1382.e2 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.050

[22] Post-treatment resistance analysis of hepatitis C virus from phase II and III clinical trials of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. D. Wyles, H. Dvory-Sobol, E. S. Svarovskaia, B. P. Doehle, R. Martin, N. H. Afdhal, K. V. Kowdley, E. Lawitz, D. M. Brainard, M. D. Miller, H. Mo and E. J. Gane, J. Hepatol. 66(4), 703-710 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.022

[23] In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity and resistance profile of ombitasvir, an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5A. P. Krishnan, J. Beyer, N. Mistry, G. Koev, T. Reisch, D. DeGoey, W. Kati, A. Campbell, L. Williams, W. Xie, C. Setze, A. Molla, C. Collins and T. Pilot-Matias, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 59(2), 979-87 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.04226-14

[24] Clinical Resistance to Velpatasvir (GS-5816), a Novel Pan-Genotypic Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Protein. E. J. Lawitz, H. Dvory-Sobol, B. P. Doehle, A. S. Worth, J. McNally, D. M. Brainard, J. O. Link, M. D. Miller and H. Mo, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 60(9), 5368-78 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00763-16

[25] Resistance analysis of the hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor BMS-790052 in an in vitro replicon system. R. A. Fridell, D. Qiu, C. Wang, L. Valera and M. Gao, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54(9), 3641-50 (2010)
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00556-10

[26] Efficacy and safety of 8 weeks versus 12 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 mono-infection and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection (C-WORTHY): a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. M. Sulkowski, C. Hezode, J. Gerstoft, J. M. Vierling, J. Mallolas, S. Pol, M. Kugelmas, A. Murillo, N. Weis, R. Nahass, O. Shibolet, L. Serfaty, M. Bourliere, E. DeJesus, E. Zuckerman, F. Dutko, M. Shaughnessy, P. Hwang, A. Y. Howe, J. Wahl, M. Robertson, E. Barr and B. Haber, Lancet 385(9973), 1087-97 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61793-1

[27] Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for treatment of hepatitis C virus in sofosbuvir-experienced, NS5A treatment-naïve patients: Findings from two randomized trials. E. Tam, A. F. Luetkemeyer, P. S. Mantry, S. K. Satapathy, P. Ghali, M. Kang, R. Haubrich, X. Shen, L. Ni, G. Camus, A. Copans, L. Rossaro, B. Guyer, R. S. Brown and RESCUE and ACTG A5348 study investigators, Liver Int. 38(6), 1010-1021 (2018)
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